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O que os exploradores espaciais vão comer quando estiverem vivendo na Lua? - Qual a fase da Lua hoje?
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O que os exploradores espaciais vão comer quando estiverem vivendo na Lua?
O Impulso Crescente para a Exploração Espacial Em breve, a Nasa tem planos ambiciosos de reenviar astronautas à Lua por meio do seu programa Artemis. Paralelamente, a Estação Espacial Internacional (ISS), que foi projetada para operar por 15 anos, agora celebra seu 26º aniversário e se aproxima do momento de ser substituída.
Missões Tripuladas ao Espaço Profundo e o Crescimento do Turismo Espacial A exploração de missões tripuladas ao espaço profundo está sendo seriamente considerada pelos cientistas. Além disso, há um aumento nos projetos de turismo espacial, que visam enviar indivíduos financeiramente abastados para experiências orbitais.
Diante desse cenário expansivo, uma questão surge: o que comeremos ao alcançarmos as estrelas?
“O alimento é algo que mantém a sanidade dos astronautas”, afirma a subchefe de operações com astronautas da Agência Espacial Europeia, Sonja Brungs.
“Alimentos bons e adequados, com muita variedade, elaborados de acordo com as necessidades individuais dos astronautas, são fundamentais para uma missão bem-sucedida para o espaço profundo. Acho que as pessoas subestimam como isso é importante.”
Foto: Nasa
Atualmente, os astronautas consomem refeições que são fornecidas em pequenas bolsas por empresas especializadas. Essas refeições são congeladas, desidratadas ou termoestabilizadas. Para consumir, os astronautas simplesmente adicionam água para aquecer ou resfriar os alimentos.
Além disso, os astronautas podem levar consigo refeições especiais que evocam lembranças de casa, que também devem ser cuidadosamente preparadas e termoestabilizadas.
No entanto, certos alimentos, como aqueles que soltam migalhas, são inadequados para o espaço devido ao risco de contaminação em um ambiente de microgravidade. Além disso, o consumo de sal é limitado devido ao diferente armazenamento de sódio no corpo humano no espaço, o que pode acelerar a osteoporose, e o álcool é proibido, pois prejudica o sistema de reciclagem de água da ISS.
“A novidade certamente é um problema”, explica Brungs. “Os astronautas que ficam no espaço por apenas seis meses já sentem falta da textura e da crocância. É muito importante para o bem-estar mental ter uma variedade de texturas e, especialmente em missões para o espaço profundo, ter uma variedade de alimentos para comer.”
Desafio da Comida no Espaço Profundo da NASA em 2021 A Nasa iniciou em 2021 um desafio inovador focado na criação de alimentos no espaço com recursos limitados, visando produzir o mínimo de resíduos e garantir que os alimentos sejam seguros, nutritivos e saborosos para missões de longa duração.
A empresa finlandesa Solar Foods, sediada em Helsinque, é uma das finalistas desse desafio. Seu projeto revolucionário consiste em utilizar resíduos espaciais para produzir proteínas.
“Nós quase literalmente criamos alimentos do ar”, orgulha-se o vice-presidente de Espaço e Defesa da Solar Foods, Arttu Luukanen.
A empresa explorou um micróbio comestível encontrado na Finlândia, que se alimenta de uma mistura de dióxido de carbono, hidrogênio e oxigênio, produzindo uma proteína bacteriana. Esta proteína pode ser combinada com uma variedade de sabores ou texturas para criar alimentos nutritivos como macarrão, barras de proteína, alternativas à carne e até substitutos para ovos.
“Começamos a pensar nos alimentos espaciais porque, em qualquer habitat no espaço, você tem dois gases residuais principais: hidrogênio e dióxido de carbono”, explica Luukanen. “Ou seja, o que realmente estamos falando aqui não é apenas de uma tecnologia de fabricação de alimentos para o espaço, mas algo que será uma parte integrante do sistema de controle ambiental e suporte à vida.”
A proteína desenvolvida pela Solar Foods pode ser transformada em pasta ou pó e combinada com farinha e outros ingredientes comuns para criar alimentos enriquecidos com proteína.
Os experimentos continuam, explorando a possibilidade de misturar a proteína com óleos para criar texturas semelhantes às de um bife, usando tecnologia de impressão 3D.
Foto: Nasa
O Futuro da Alimentação Espacial e Seu Impacto na Terra A alimentação no espaço não está limitada apenas aos astronautas ou turistas espaciais abastados. O desenvolvimento de sistemas alimentares avançados para o espaço também tem potencial para beneficiar a Terra, oferecendo novas formas de produzir alimentos em condições extremas.
“Estamos enfrentando grandes desafios decorrentes das mudanças climáticas, particularmente em relação às secas, que influenciam nossa capacidade de produção de alimentos”, explica Luukanen. “O espaço nos coloca em um teste final, onde usamos os recursos considerados resíduos de outras atividades e os transformamos em produtos com valor agregado. É uma filosofia de economia circular. A Terra é a melhor espaçonave em que já viajamos e seus recursos são limitados.”
“Nosso projeto trabalha rumo à eficiência de recursos, na Terra e no espaço”, diz Kristina Karlsson, chefe de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Mycorena. “Quase não há emissões e quase não há resíduos. O espaço é apenas um ambiente extremo, onde você pode testar o desenvolvimento deste tipo de projeto. Se funciona lá, irá funcionar na Terra.”
A terceira fase do desafio da Nasa está em desenvolvimento e promete trazer novas perspectivas sobre como essas inovações podem remodelar nossa alimentação tanto no espaço quanto no nosso próprio planeta.
Última atualização: junho 26, 2024